Quirk (2005) In Nelson's The Presidency and the Political System

Chapter 5 Presidential Competence--the strategic competence model
Our president's have differed in their skill as leaders. SOme have been good at management, others at persuasion, and still come at bargaining or rhetoric. What are the most important characteristics of our presidents?
There are (3) three models of presidential competence:
(1) Self-Relient Model i.e. FDR
very idealistic (Neustadt 1960); have a grip of most things.
(2) Minimalist Modeil i.e. G.W.Bush
too little information; requires little or no uderstanding of issues; this president relies upon subordinates. Does this president risk being captured by the advisors they themselves selected?
(3) Strategic Competence Model
this president gets as much information that they can within reason; mainly they are knowledgeable about the decision making process; moreso than their knowledge of the policies themselves. they are able to distiguish between good arguments, and "loud" arguments.
What do president's need to know about debate?
should they be able to question their advisors arguments?
facsilitor?
orchestrator?
discussant?
make judgements about the quality of evidence and logic?

but WHO is debating?
PROCESSES OF POLICY DELIBERATION:
(1) mainstream social science (i have a job!!)
(2) multiple advocacy (include the preference position of various advocates)
(3) honest broker
(4) CITIZENS?