Neopluralism vs. Multiple-Elite Theory
Dahl (1961) four basic concepts/cannons (Pluralism):
(1) Process
(2) Causation not influence (power as causation)
(3) Domain specificity
(4) Actors define own interests
We don't study influence, because you can't measure influence.
causation draws our analysis to a more scientific approach.
Power is hard to understand;
Pluralism has been rejected as an image on American society...due to IGs.
Multiple Elite Theory
few persons or groups exercise power
diffuse interests take a back seat
Olson (1964) and Lowi
IGs are numerous enough and do not have monopolistic power than it is okay pluralism didn't work.
Latent groups
Olgilopolies
Small groups
McFarland:
we SHOULD, indeed, focus on causation.
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